Maltrato institucional hacia el adulto mayor: percepciones del prestador de servicios de salud y de los ancianos / Institutional abuse toward the elderly: Perceptions of health care providers and older adults

Objetivo. Analizar la percepción que el prestador de servicios de salud y el adulto mayor (AM) tienen sobre el maltrato al AM en los servicios públicos de salud, en ciudades seleccionadas de México. Material y métodos. De 2009 a 2012 se realizó un estudio con diseño cualitativo y estrategia de triangulación de fuentes de datos; se efectuaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 13 prestadores y a 12 ancianos para recuperar su experiencia en el tema. El análisis utilizó procedimientos de la Teoría Fundamentada. Resultados. El maltrato contra el AM es una práctica naturalizada por el personal y por el anciano, la cual se manifiesta de formas diversas. Conclusiones. La institucionalización, profesionalización histórica y falta de conciencia sobre las necesidades de los AM demandan cambios de planeación, organización y supervisión del Sistema de Salud. El personal requiere intervenciones de formación, capacitación y cambio de actitudes/comportamiento, para otorgar atención integral, digna, humana y de respeto a los Derechos Humanos de los AM.

Objective. To analyze the health care providers (HCP) and elderly patients' perceptions about abuse of the elderly by health personnel of public health services, in selected cities in Mexico. Materials and methods. A qualitative study and a strategy of data triangulation were performed during 2009 and 2012; 13 HCPs and 12 elders were interviewed, in order to obtain their experience regarding elder abuse. Grounded Theory proceedings were used for the analysis. Results. Elder abuse is a naturalized practice, from HCP and elderly people's point of view; these perceptions are showed in different ways. Conclusion. Institutionalization, historical professionalization and lack of consciousness about needs of the elderly (sociocultural and economic), require changes in planning, organization and monitoring process in the Health System; training and educational interventions on staff and exchange attitudes and behavior are necessary in order to offer a health care that is comprehensive, decent, human and with respect for the human rights.

Construction of an immunotoxin by linking a monoclonal antibody against the human epidermal growth factor receptor and a hemolytic toxin

Hybrid molecules obtained through conjugation of monoclonal antibodies and toxins constitute an approach under exploration to generate potential agents for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. A frequently employed toxic component in the construction of such immunotoxins is ricin, a plant toxin which inhibits protein synthesis at ribosomal level and so requires to be internalized by the cell. A hemolytic toxin isolated from the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, which is active at the cell membrane level, was linked through a disulfide bond to the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody ior egf/r3. The resulting immunotoxin did not exhibit hemolytic activity except under reducing conditions. It was toxic for H125 cells that express the human epidermal growth factor receptor, but non-toxic for U1906 cells that do not express this receptor.

Mechanisms of all-trans retinoic acid-induced differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cells.

Retinoic acids (RA) play a key role in myeloid differentiation through their agonistic nuclear receptors (RAR alpha/RXR) to modulate the expression of target genes. In acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells with rearrangement of retinoic acid receptor a (RAR alpha) (including: PML-RAR alpha, PLZF-RAR alpha, NPM-RAR alpha, NuMA- RAR alpha or STAT5b-RAR alpha) as a result of chromosomal translocations, the RA signal pathway is disrupted and myeloid differentiation is arrested at the promyelocytic stage. Pharmacologic dosage of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) directly modulates PML-RAR alpha and its interaction with the nuclear receptor co-repressor complex, which restores the wild-type RAR alpha/RXR regulatory pathway and induces the transcriptional expression of downstream genes. Analysing gene expression profiles in APL cells before and after ATRA treatment represents a useful approach to identify genes whose functions are involved in this new cancer treatment. A chronologically well coordinated modulation of ATRA-regulated genes has thus been revealed which seems to constitute a balanced functional network underlying decreased cellular proliferation, initiation and progression of maturation, and maintenance of cell survival before terminal differentiation.

Análise do crescimento de células do carcinoma adenóide cístico humano cultivadas sobre proteínas da matriz extracelular / Effect of extracellular matrix proteins on growth of a cell line derived from human adenoid cystic carcinoma

O carcinoma adenóide cístico é uma neoplasia maligna que ocorre em glândulas salivares. A matriz extracelular tem sido apontada como possível fator regulador do fenótipo final desse tumor. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se há modificaçäo na taxa de crescimento ou induçäo de alteraçöes fenotípicas em células cultivadas de carcinoma adenóide cístico humano (células CAC2) na presença de proteínas da matriz extracelular (colágeno I, colágeno IV e laminina). A análise das curvas de crescimento realizadas mostrou que houve maior proliferaçäo celular nas culturas crescidas sobre o colágeno I. Näo houve diferenças estatísticas entre o crescimento celular de culturas tratadas com colágeno IV e laminina e o de seus respectivos controles. Nossos resultados sugerem que o colágeno I é um fator de crescimento para a linhagem celular derivada de carcinoma adenóide cístico humano

Cultivo de células e dermatologia / Cell culture and dermatology

Os autores relatam o cultivo de células cutâneas, citando as células que já foram isoladas em cultura, bem como a aplicabilidade da técnica

Characterization of a continuous lymphocyte cell line derived from BALB/c mice inoculated with a recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus-TB.

Neonatal BALB/c mice were inoculated (ip) with a recombinant Moloney murine leukemia virus-TB. Majority of the inoculated mice developed lymphoma within 5-7 months post infection. The cells from splenic lymphomas were cultured and 3 continuous cell lines (GP1, GP2 and GP3) developed. GP1 was single cell cloned and characterized. Based on Thy 1.2 (98.4%) phenotypic marker, the cell line was categorized as T cell line. The percent positivity for different cell surface markers on analysis with FACS was 98.4, 4.8, 5.5, 2.2, 1.8, 1.2 and 9.5 for Thy 1.2, mu, L3T4, Lyt2, Ia, IL2R and PNA receptor, respectively. A total of 16.5% GP1 cells was also positive for Moloney murine leukemia virus envelope protein (gp 70). Incomplete retrovirus like particles were demonstrated in the cytoplasm of GP1 cells by electron microscopy. The cell line on inoculation(ip) in neonatal BALB/c mice produced lymphomic lesions in almost all the vital organs of the mice.